משימת ירח ארטמיס: לקראת מגורי אנוש בחלל עמוק 

Half a century after iconic Apollo Missions which allowed twelve men to walk on the ירח בין 1968 ל -1972, נאס"א is set to embark on ambitious ארטמיס מון Mission designed not only to create long term בן אנוש presence on and around the ירח but also to learn lessons in preparation for בן אנוש missions and habitations on מַאְדִים. עמוק שטח בן אנוש habitation, enabling בני אדם to become a multi כוכב לכת species to thwart the risk of extinction is still a very far dream however a beginning is to happen in near future.

“Since, in the long run, every כוכבי civilization will be endangered by impacts from שטח, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring—not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive.” – קארל סייגן, 1994.

Artemis I, an uncrewed flight test, the first in a series of ארטמיס’s increasingly complex missions to the ירח, is scheduled to lift off on 29 August 2022. This will pave the way for future crewed flights (Artemis II, Artemis III, and beyond) to the ירחי surface. In 2024, Artemis will land the first woman and the first person of colour on the ירח.  

מה סטים ארטמיס apart is its aim to build a base camp on the lunar surface to give astronauts a place to live and work on the ירח. Artemis Base Camp includes a modern cabin, a rover, and a mobile home. It is true that בני אדם have been living and working on International מֶרחָב Station (ISS) for several years however Artemis Mission will allow astronauts to live on the surface of another celestial body, hence one can argue that Artemis would be first concrete step towards colonisation of deep שטח. This aspect makes Artemis special.  

The Artemis ירח Mission, של נאס"א collaborative programme with European מֶרחָב Agency (ESA) and Canadian מֶרחָב Agency (CSA) has three objectives –scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for new generation. There are six components of the mission  

• Orion spacecraft: The exploration vehicle that will carry crew to שטח, provide emergency abort, sustain the crew during the travel and provide safe re-entry to the Earth.  
• מֶרחָב Launch System (SLS) Rocket: The heavy-lift rocket that will launch Orion spacecraft. 
• מערכות חקירה קרקעיות (EGS): תתמוך בשיגור ובהתאוששות של אסטרונאוטים חוזרים. 
• The Gateway: the spaceship in lunar מסלול that will serve as multi-purpose outpost מסלול מה היא ירח where astronauts will transfer between Orion and the lander. This will provide essential support for long-term בן אנוש return to the lunar surface  
• בן אנוש Landing System: Lander will take astronauts from the Gateway in the lunar מסלול אל פני השטח של ירח and back to the Gateway in the מסלול. 
• Artemis Base Camp: will serve as the home and the workplace for a crew of four astronauts on the surface of the ירח for about 30-60 days. This will enable crew is to stay on the ירח for up to two months at a time. 

בן אנוש habitation system is the key piece of the mission for living longer in deep שטח both for extending duration of operation as well as for optimal physical and mental wellbeing of the astronaut. This is certainly an imperative for future mission to מַאְדִים. The Transit Habitat is envisioned for long-duration missions.  

ממושך בן אנוש habitation on the surface of the ירח is a very ambitious goal because of unique challenges posed by the lunar environment and the remoteness from the Earth. Notwithstanding this, experiences gained in successful operation of International מֶרחָב Station (ISS) for over two decades should contribute in Artemis ירח משימה.  

The Artemis Base Camp, as humanity’s first long-term home on land outside Earth will enable בן אנוש משימות ל מַאְדִים. With this, the idea of making בני אדם רבכוכב לכת species begins.

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מקורות:  

1. נאס"א. ארטמיס. זמין ב https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/ 

2. נאס"א. תוכנית ארטמיס. זמין ב https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram 

3. G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram and N. Herrmann, “Deep מֶרחָב Habitation: Establishing a Sustainable בן אנוש Presence on the Moon and Beyond,” 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260 

4. NASA. Artemis Deep Space Habitation: Enabling a Sustained בן אנוש Presence on the Moon and Beyond. Available at https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf 

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