Astronomers usually get to hear from the far-off galaxies through high energy radiations like X-rays. It is extremely uncommon to receive relatively lower energy UV radiation from ancient galaxies like AUDs01. Such low energy photons usually get absorbed on the way or by the earth’s atmosphere. האבל מֶרחָב Telescope (HST) has been very helpful in avoiding effects of earth’s atmosphere but even HST could not detect signal from this גלקסיה probably due to noise.
עכשיו, ההדמיה האולטרה סגולה טלסקופ on Indian satellite AstroSat has detected extreme UV light for the first time from the גלקסיה AUDFs01 situated 9.3 billion light-years away from Earth which is remarkable1.
היום אנחנו יכולים לבחון את עוֹלָם ולראות כוכבים ו גלקסיות formed billions of years back because the intergalactic medium is transparent to light. It was not so for about first several hundred million years after the Big Bang. The period called Cosmic Dark Ages by astronomers was the time when intergalactic medium was filled with the neutral gas which absorbed high energy photons and made the עוֹלָם opaque to light waves. It was the period starting from the time when cosmic microwave background radiation emitted up to the time when first כוכבים ו גלקסיה were formed. The עוֹלָם then entered into what is called the Epoch of Reionization, when the dark matter started to collapse due to its own gravity and eventually started forming the כוכבים and the galaxies.
Cosmologists refer to redshift z in order to designate a cosmic epoch. The present time is denoted by z=0 and higher the z value it is closer to the Big Bang. For example, z=9 denotes a time when עוֹלָם was 500 million-year-old and z=19 when it was only 200 million-year-old, near Dark Age. At higher z values (z ≥ 10) it becomes extremely difficult to detect any object (star or גלקסיה) due to sharp decline in inter galactic medium transmission. Scientists have been able to observe quasars and the galaxies up to z approximately equal to 6.5. Theories suggest that the כוכבים and the galaxies could have been formed much earlier at say higher z values and with advancement in technology we should be able to detect fainter objects at higher z values also [2]. However, most of the detection of galaxies are limited to approximately z=3.5 and are detected in the X-rays range. It is extremely difficult to detect the stars and galaxies in the extreme ultraviolet as it is heavily absorbed in the atmosphere.
Group of scientists led by Saha at Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) were able to achieve this unique feat using Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) aboard the Indian satellite AstroSat . They observed the גלקסי AUDFs01 located in the האבל Extreme Deep field using extreme-UV light from the גלקסיה. It could be possible because the background noise in the UVIT detector was much less than the ones on HST. The discovery is important as it opens up a new domain for detection of far off galaxies in the EUV range.
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הפניות:
- Saha, K., Tandon, S.N., Simmonds, C., Verhamme, A., Paswan A., et al. 2020. AstroSat detection of Lyman continuum emission from a z = 1.42 גלקסיה. Nat Astron (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1173-5
- Miralda-Escudé, J., 2003. העידן האפל של היקום. מדע, 300(5627), עמ' 1904-1909. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085325
